Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41748496›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2026

Social disadvantage outweighs knowledge in dementia risk.

Sandra Baez, Sebastian Rodriguez Marquez, Anna Marie Rosická, Claire M Gillan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Shifting the emphasis of brain health literacy from individuals to systems to reduce inequalities.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article
  2. Reply to "Shifting the emphasis of brain health literacy from individuals to systems to reduce inequalities".Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Sandra BaezDepartamento de Psicología, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0875-1709
Sebastian Rodriguez MarquezDepartamento de Psicología, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
Anna Marie RosickáSchool of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, UK.
Claire M GillanGlobal Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, UK.

Funding

Global Brain Health Institute, Alzheimer's Association, Alzheimer's Society UK
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionPublic health efforts promote dementia knowledge to reduce risk, but it is unclear whether knowledge predicts lower risk compared to social determinants like education and socioeconomic status (SES).

methodsWe analyzed cross-sectional data from 1730 adults to examine how age, sex, education, SES, family history of dementia, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) knowledge predicted behavioral and health-related dementia risk. We used linear regressions and machine learning to compare the explanatory and predictive value of each factor.

resultsLower SES and education were the strongest predictors of increased behavioral risk. Health-related risk was associated only with SES. AD knowledge accuracy and confidence were not significantly associated with either index. Machine learning confirmed these patterns, with SES and education emerging as key features. DISCUSSION: Low SES and education were more strongly linked to dementia risk than AD knowledge. Findings underscore the need for equity-focused strategies beyond public awareness campaigns to improve knowledge.

Indexed as

DementiaHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeSocial ClassAgedAged, 80 and overAlzheimer DiseaseCross-Sectional StudiesEducational StatusFemaleHumansLow Socioeconomic StatusMachine LearningMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsSocioeconomic Disparities in HealthAlzheimer's disease knowledgedementiadementia riskeducationsocioeconomic status

Identifiers

PMID41748496
PMCPMC12945716

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.