ArticleCancer medicine2026
A Multicenter Survival Analysis of Adults Type B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Ecuador. A Retrospective Study of the Real World.
Article in Cancer medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveTo describe clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and overall survival (OS) of Ecuadorian adults with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL).
methodsA retrospective multicenter cohort study was conducted in patients > 15 years diagnosed with B-ALL between 2015 and 2022 across eight tertiary centers in Ecuador. Medical records of 734 acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases classified by the 2016 WHO criteria were reviewed; 653 B-ALL patients were included. Multiple frontline chemotherapy regimens were used, and Philadelphia-positive (Ph+) cases were included.
resultsAmong 653 patients, 50.4% were male, with a median age of 31 years (interquartile range, 20-47). Most (93%) received chemotherapy, achieving a complete remission (CR) rate of 53.3% (311/583) and minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity in 49.1% (211/430). Relapse occurred in 62.4% (194/310), and 16 of 164 underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Treatment-related mortality was 31.5%, higher in pediatric-inspired protocols (34.4% vs. 21.3%, p < 0.001). Patients < 30 years showed better CR (58.3%, p = 0.026) and longer survival (median OS 15 vs. 8 months, p < 0.001). Median OS for the cohort was 11 months, with a 5-year OS of 22.4%. High-risk patients had inferior OS (11 vs. 14 months, p = 0.036), while no difference was observed between Ph + and Ph- (12 vs. 11 months, p = 0.319).
conclusionAdult Ecuadorian patients with B-ALL show lower survival than international cohorts, mainly due to high treatment-related mortality and limited transplantation access. Age was independently associated with response and OS.
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