ArticleBMJ open2026
Effectiveness of exoskeleton training on turning-while-walking and balance control in subjects with incomplete spinal cord injury: protocol for a randomised clinical trial.
Article in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06971510 (The Effectiveness of Robotic Exoskeleton on Sensori-motor Performance in Subjects With Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effectiveness of Robotic Exoskeleton on Sensori-motor Performance in Subjects With Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study
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0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionIndividuals with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) often experience impaired balance control and turning-while-walking ability, which increase the risk of falls and limit their community mobility. While overground exoskeleton training has shown promise in improving gait and balance, evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on ambulation of individuals with iSCI remains limited. This protocol outlines a cluster RCT investigating the effectiveness of overground exoskeleton-assisted gait training compared with conventional training and usual care in improving turning-while-walking performence, balance control, and functional mobility in individuals with iSCI. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This multicentre, cluster RCT will compare 12-week interventions across three groups: (1) overground exoskeleton training group, (2) conventional training group and (3) usual care group. Participants with ambulatory iSCI will be recruited from three centres in Hong Kong SAR and mainland China. Primary outcomes include turning duration and number of steps during a 2-m turning-while-walking test. Secondary outcomes include static and dynamic balance, sensorimotor integration, gait performance, muscle strength, spasticity, quality of life, self-efficacy and fall incidence. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, mid-intervention, postintervention and at the 1-month follow-up. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study has received approval from the Research Ethics Committees of Hong Kong Metropolitan University, the Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, and Changzhou Sunshine Rehabilitation Hospital. Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants before enrolment. Study findings will be shared through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and summaries available to participants upon request. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT06971510.
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