SynthesisInternational dental journal2026
Inflammatory Biomarkers in Irreversible Pulpitis and Pulp Necrosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in International dental journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Immune Checkpoint Expression in Predicting the Risk of Malignant Transformation in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders.International dental journal · 2026Pooled it
- The dental pulp as a high-resolution model for neurovascular niche biology.Journal of tissue engineeringReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
statement of problemAccurate differentiation between irreversible pulpitis (IP) and pulp necrosis (PN) is crucial for clinical treatment planning, yet meta-analyses comparing their inflammatory biomarkers are lacking. Isolated findings limit the identification of consistent biomarker patterns, hindering diagnostic accuracy and stage-specific treatment development.
objectivesThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare expression levels of inflammatory biomarkers in permanent teeth diagnosed with IP or PN vs healthy pulp, to elucidate disease-specific molecular profiles.
methodsElectronic searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases for studies published from inception to 2024. Eligible studies included human permanent teeth with IP or PN and reported quantitative protein-based biomarker levels. Forty-three studies met the inclusion criteria, with 26 included in the meta-analysis. Data were pooled using random-effects models, and standardized mean differences were calculated.
resultsSymptomatic IP (SIP) showed significantly elevated TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, Substance P, CGRP, and catalase compared to healthy pulp. Asymptomatic IP (AIP) also exhibited significantly increased TNF-α despite the absence of clinical symptoms. No significant difference in TNF-α was observed between SIP and AIP. High heterogeneity was observed due to variation in sample types, analytical methods, and diagnostic criteria. Although a meta-analysis for PN was not feasible, descriptive analysis revealed consistently elevated TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, and TGF-β levels in pulp necrosis.
conclusionBoth SIP and AIP exhibit pro-inflammatory profiles, with TNF-α elevated regardless of symptoms. Molecular biomarkers may better reflect pulp status than clinical signs. SIGNIFICANCE: Elevated TNF-α levels observed in SIP and AIP indicate the presence of underlying inflammatory activity even in the absence of clinical symptoms. This finding highlights its potential value in helping to determine the appropriate window for vital pulp therapy.
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Registered trials
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