Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41746826›Full record

ReviewMicrobiology (Reading, England)2026

Pathogens as commensals: microbial priming of the immune system and heterologous protection.

Thomas Belcher, Emily J Stevens

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Microbiology (Reading, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Thomas BelcherSchool of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK.
Emily J StevensSchool of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Exposure to microbes is essential to promote the development of the host's immune system. Commensal microbes (i.e. the microbiota) which are acquired early in life play a vital role in immune priming. Whilst many organisms within the microbiota are harmless, some can be considered opportunistic pathogens. Examples include

Indexed as

bacterial pathogenesiscommensalismmicrobiomeopportunistic pathogens

Identifiers

PMID41746826
PMCPMC12945328

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.