Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41746117›Full record

ArticleVaccines2026

Innate Immunity Trained in the Protective Response of Vaccine Candidates Against Intracellular Pathogens.

Jefferson B S Oliveira, Laice A Silva, Monique F S Sousa, Aldcejam M F Junior, Camila G Almeida, Robson S Barducci, Marcella P Milazzotto, Humberto M Brandão, Renato L Santos, Tatiane A Paixão

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Vaccines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Jefferson B S OliveiraDepartamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-8621-9577
Laice A SilvaDepartamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-2357-5953
Monique F S SousaDepartamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0003-1086-4171
Aldcejam M F JuniorLaboratório de Metabolismo Embrionário e Epigenética, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0003-2646-9168
Camila G AlmeidaLaboratório de Inovação e Nanobiotecnologia e Materiais Avançados para Pecuária, Embrapa Gado de Leite, Juiz de Fora 36038-330, Brazil.
Robson S BarducciPesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Biorigin, Lençóis Paulista 18680-900, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-7052-0154
Marcella P MilazzottoLaboratório de Metabolismo Embrionário e Epigenética, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0003-0933-3066
Humberto M BrandãoLaboratório de Inovação e Nanobiotecnologia e Materiais Avançados para Pecuária, Embrapa Gado de Leite, Juiz de Fora 36038-330, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-7405-3928
Renato L SantosDepartamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil.
Tatiane A PaixãoDepartamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0001-8284-9902

Funding

Coordenação de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior CAPESFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa de Minas Gerais APQ - 01680-21National Council for Scientific and Technological Development CNPq
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesTrained innate immunity refers to the enhanced responsiveness of innate immune cells, particularly macrophages, following exposure to stimuli such as β-glucan or zymosan, enabling improved defense against unrelated pathogens. This phenomenon has been widely investigated to better understand host-pathogen interactions and to support the development of improved infection control strategies. This study evaluated whether these training stimuli could enhance the protective efficacy of attenuated or inactivated vaccine models against

methodsTrained innate immunity was induced in vivo using β-glucan or zymosan, and seven days later mice were vaccinated with attenuated or gamma-irradiated formulations and subsequently challenged with

resultsβ-glucan significantly reduced bacterial infection in vitro in bone-marrow-derived macrophages and in vivo in target organs compared with zymosan. Although β-glucan did not enhance the efficacy of the attenuated

conclusionTrained innate immunity enhances the protective effect of inactivated experimental vaccines against

Indexed as

attenuatedbrucellosisinactivated vaccinelisteriosistrained innate immunityzymosanβ-glucan

Identifiers

PMID41746117
PMCPMC12945005

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.