Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41746070›Full record

ArticleVaccines2026

Timeliness of Routine Vaccination, Catch-Up Completion, and Immune Function in Chinese Children with Special Healthcare Needs: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Yuyuan Zeng, Xihan Li, Yu Tian, Yuming Liu, Jianhong Wang, Qi An, Chuanyu Yang, Bo Zhou, Lili Zhang, Yangmu Huang and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Vaccines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Yuyuan ZengCapital Institute of Pediatrics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100020, China.ORCID 0000-0001-7254-243X
Xihan LiSchool of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
Yu TianDepartment of Child Health Care, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Capital Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.
Yuming LiuDepartment of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
Jianhong WangDepartment of Child Health Care, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Capital Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.
Qi AnDepartment of Child Health Care, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Capital Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.
Chuanyu YangCapital Institute of Pediatrics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100020, China.
Bo ZhouDepartment of Child Health Care, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Capital Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.
Lili ZhangDepartment of Child Health Care, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Capital Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.
Yangmu HuangDepartment of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.ORCID 0000-0002-3660-1276
Lin WangDepartment of Child Health Care, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Capital Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.ORCID 0000-0001-5536-781X

Funding

American Chinese Medical Foundation 21-433Beijing Hospitals Authority Ascent Plan DFL20221103High-level Public Health Talents Training Plan AL-02-19Research Foundation of Capital Institute of Pediatrics LCYJ-2025-02 to Yu Tian
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChildren with special healthcare needs (CSHCNs) face persistent barriers to timely immunization in China, but comparative evidence across disease groups and vaccines, and data on immune function, are limited.

methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study linking electronic medical records, vaccination records, and a structured telephone and questionnaire follow-up. We estimated timely vaccination by National Immunization Program (NIP) dose definitions, assessed catch-up completion at follow-up, and compared cellular/humoral/complement immune indices with published pediatric reference ranges. Group differences used ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis and chi-square (χ

resultsTimely vaccination was lower than the national healthy child benchmarks for all NIP vaccines (all

conclusionsCSHCNs in China face substantial barriers to timely NIP immunization. Timeliness and catch-up vary substantially by vaccine and underlying condition; neonatal/perinatal disorders contribute disproportionately to early-life delays. Disease-specific guidance, strengthened POV-specialist clinic coordination, immunological monitoring, and supportive policies could improve the vaccination coverage and effectiveness in this vulnerable population.

Indexed as

children with special healthcare needs (CSHCNs)immunization consultationnational immunization program (NIP)vaccines

Identifiers

PMID41746070
PMCPMC12945083

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.