ArticleToxics2026
Caffeine Exposure Modulates Trophoblast Differentiation and Estradiol Synthesis.
Article in Toxics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Differentiation of villous cytotrophoblasts into syncytiotrophoblasts is essential for placental endocrine function and estradiol production. Caffeine consumption has been linked to altered estradiol levels, but its effects on human trophoblast differentiation remain incompletely understood. This study investigated the effects of caffeine on biochemical differentiation of human trophoblasts using BeWo cells and human placental explants. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed using CCK-8 and in situ TUNEL assays. Differentiation-associated changes were evaluated by measuring
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.