Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41745775›Full record

Trial reportToxins2026

Efficacy and Safety of IncobotulinumtoxinA for the Treatment of Blepharospasm: A Multicenter, Phase 3 Study in Japan.

Toshiaki Goseki, Yoshihito Mochizuki, Akiko Masuda, Motohiro Kiyosawa, Ryosuke Miyamoto, Masato Wakakura, Akiko Yamagami, Yohei Mukai, Akihiro Shinkai, Mutsumi Iijima and 5 more

Abstract readMulticenter StudyClinical Trial, Phase III
In one paragraph

Trial report in Toxins, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Toshiaki GosekiDepartment of Ophthalmology, International University of Health and Welfare, Atami Hospital, Atami 413-0012, Japan.ORCID 0000-0001-9016-8015
Yoshihito MochizukiDepartment of Ophthalmology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan.
Akiko MasudaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan.
Motohiro KiyosawaJiyugaoka Kiyosawa Eye Clinic, Tokyo 152-0035, Japan.
Ryosuke MiyamotoDepartment of Neurology, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.ORCID 0000-0001-6434-9541
Masato WakakuraDepartment of Ophthalmology, Inouye Eye Hospital, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
Akiko YamagamiDepartment of Ophthalmology, Inouye Eye Hospital, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
Yohei MukaiDepartment of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan.ORCID 0000-0003-2930-5003
Akihiro ShinkaiDepartment of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan.ORCID 0000-0003-2795-8430
Mutsumi IijimaDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
Kousuke BabaDepartment of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Osaka, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.ORCID 0009-0008-1137-870X
Hideki ChumanDepartment of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
Masahiro HashizukaClinical Development Department, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo 100-8585, Japan.
Shohei TateishiClinical Development Control Department, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo 100-8585, Japan.
Akiko KimuraKind Eye Clinic, Kobe 650-0022, Japan.

Funding

Teijin (Japan) Not applicable
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This open-label, uncontrolled, single-arm, multicenter, phase 3 study evaluated the efficacy and safety of incobotulinumtoxinA in Japanese patients with blepharospasm. Eligible patients received incobotulinumtoxinA injections at fixed doses (50, 75, or 100 units [U] for those who had previously received botulinum toxin treatment; 50 U for treatment-naïve patients), followed by flexible doses up to 100 U for 48 weeks, with at least 6-week intervals. In total, 29 Japanese patients were enrolled (26 [89.7%] women, mean age 64.6 years, mean baseline Jankovic Rating Scale [JRS] severity score 3.24). The primary endpoint, the least squares mean of change in JRS severity scores from baseline to 6 weeks after the first injection, was -2.08 (95% confidence interval: -2.49, -1.66), meeting the prespecified efficacy criteria. The secondary endpoint results (JRS severity, frequency, and total scores for 48 weeks; Blepharospasm Disability Index; Patient Evaluation of Global Response; and fast blinking test) supported the efficacy of repeated incobotulinumtoxinA injections. Adverse events (AEs) occurred in 19 (65.5%) patients, with eyelid ptosis being the most common treatment-related AE (4 [13.8%] patients). No severe or serious AEs were reported. IncobotulinumtoxinA demonstrated sustained efficacy in Japanese patients with blepharospasm, without new safety concerns. (Japan Registry of Clinical Trials identifier, jRCT2031230711).

Indexed as

BlepharospasmBotulinum Toxins, Type ANeuromuscular AgentsAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansJapanMaleMiddle AgedTreatment OutcomeBotulinum Toxins, Type AincobotulinumtoxinANeuromuscular Agentsblepharospasmbotulinum toxindystoniaEast AsiaefficacyincobotulinumtoxinAJankovic Rating ScaleJapanphase 3 studysafety

Identifiers

PMID41745775
PMCPMC12945157

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.