ReviewNeurology international2026
Consensus Molecules Associated with Parkinson's Disease.
Review in Neurology international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) has been associated with some types of food and drugs. Here, we query PubMed for the association of PD with foods and drugs, using a list of 217,776 compounds derived from the Human Metabolome Database (HMDB). To calculate associations, a Python script was developed to query PubMed for co-citations of PD with each compound, and adjust this count for compound abundance. Notably, PD is found to be associated with small-molecule drugs, adjunctive therapies, contraindicated drugs, diagnostic agents, biomarkers, conditional essential molecules, and inducers. Drugs include L-dopa (49%), carbidopa (63%), benserazide (50%), entacapone (74%), tolcapone (56%), rasagiline (76%), selegiline (46%), pargyline (4%), ropinirole (61%), pramipexole (56%), lisuride (27%), cabergoline (16%), bromocriptine (12%), and zonisamide (9%). Adjunctive therapies include droxidopa (33%), trihexyphenidyl (28%), biperiden (17%), amantadine (24%), memantine (7%), rivastigmine (13%), donepezil (6%), galantamine (4%), domperidone (6%), clonazepam (4%), tetrabenazine (16%), mazindol (13%), quetiapine (6%), and clozapine (4%). Contraindicated drugs include haloperidol (4%), sulpiride (3%), and methyldopa (6%). Diagnostic agents include FP-CIT (60%) and beta-CIT (43%). Biomarkers include 3-methoxytyrosine (48%) and homovanillic acid (12%). Endogenous cofactors include tetrahydrobiopterin (4%) and Coenzyme Q10 (4%). Chemical inducers of PD include 6-hydroxydopamine (40%), N-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP, 78%), tetrahydropyridine (77%), probenecid (4%), quinolinic acid (4%), 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (TIQ, 16%), salsolinol (32%), rotenone (25%), and β-Methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA, 29%). Notably, our study highlights conditional essential endogenous cofactors associated with PD and emphasizes rational directions for investigation in PD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.