ReviewJournal of functional biomaterials2026
Histological Tissue Response to Calcium Silicate-Based Cements Assessed in Human Tooth Culture Models: A Systematic Review.
Review in Journal of functional biomaterials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Efficacy of theracal as pulp capping material in permanent dentition: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC oral health · 2026Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ex vivo human tooth culture models preserve the native dentine-pulp complex and offer a translational platform to study pulp-capping biomaterials. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the evidence on histological pulp tissue responses to calcium silicate-based cement (CSCs) used for direct pulp capping in human tooth culture models. The review followed PRISMA 2020 guidance. Eligible studies were ex vivo whole human tooth culture models with direct pulp exposure treated with commercial or experimental CSCs and reporting histological outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed using the QUIN tool. Thirteen studies were included. Most used immature human third molars (from 15- to 19-year-old patients) and culture periods up to 28 days, with a minority extending observation to 45-90 days. Across hydraulic CSCs, Biodentine was the most frequently evaluated material, followed by ProRoot MTA and several experimental hydraulic and resin-modified formulations. Overall, hydraulic CSCs were consistently associated with biocompatible pulp responses and a pro-mineralization pattern characterized by periexposure mineralized foci/osteodentin-like tissue; where assessed, immunohistochemistry supported odontoblast-like differentiation. In contrast, the resin-modified CSC TheraCal LC and other experimental resin-modified CSCs showed more heterogeneous findings, with reports of absent, delayed, or less prominent mineralization compared with reference hydraulic CSCs. In intact human tooth culture models, hydraulic CSCs show reproducible biocompatibility and early mineralization features consistent with reparative dentinogenesis, whereas resin-modified CSCs demonstrate more variable histological performance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.