ReviewJournal of functional biomaterials2026
Control Group Selection in Preclinical Rat Bone Defect Models: A Systematic Review.
Review in Journal of functional biomaterials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Large bone defects and loss present major orthopedic challenges. In preclinical research, femoral bone defects in rats are commonly used as in vivo models to evaluate new osteoregenerative biomaterials. These test items are typically compared to negative and positive controls. This review aims to summarize the different control groups used to evaluate new osteoregenerative test items in preclinical rat femoral defect models and to identify potential pitfalls related to these controls, ultimately to enhance the future translational success. The protocol for this review was registered in PROSPERO, and no specific funding was received for this work. The systematic search comprised publications between January 2001 and January 2023. 436 studies were included for analysis. The choice of control groups was inconsistent across studies. A negative (e.g., empty defects or inert carriers) and positive (e.g., bone grafts or commercially available bone substitutes) control group was included in 56% (
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.