ArticleJournal of cardiovascular development and disease2026
Comparison of Health Literacy on Physical Activity and Nutrition Between Children and Adolescents with Congenital Heart Disease and Healthy Controls.
Article in Journal of cardiovascular development and disease, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHealth literacy can be defined as the ability to access, understand, evaluate, and apply health information in order to make informed health decisions in daily life. Despite its importance, little is known about health literacy in the domains of physical activity and nutrition among children with congenital heart disease. The aim of this study was to examine differences in health literacy related to physical activity and nutrition between children and adolescents with congenital heart disease and a healthy control group (Control).
methodsA total of 244 children and adolescents (age 8-18 years; mean age 13.4 ± 3.1 years, 53.3% girls) were enrolled, comprising 122 patients with congenital heart disease and 122 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Patients were recruited during routine medical examinations at the German Heart Center, while controls were recruited from Munich schools. The Physical Activity Health Literacy Scale for Children (PAHL-C) and the Nutrition Health Literacy Scale for Children (NHL-C) were used to assess health literacy in the domains of physical activity and nutrition. Scores for both scales were calculated as additive sum scores and converted to a scale from 0 to 100, where higher scores indicate better health literacy. Physical activity levels were measured via self-reported frequency of days per week in which children engaged in at least one hour of physical activity.
resultsChildren with congenital heart disease showed lower PAHL-C scores (Patients: 65.9 ± 18.0 vs. Control: 72.9 ± 14.9,
conclusionsChildren with congenital heart disease demonstrate lower health literacy in the domains of physical activity and nutrition than their healthy counterparts and report being less active. This highlights the need for targeted interventions to address both physical activity and health literacy in children with congenital heart disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.