Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41745044›Full record

ArticleGels (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Rheology and Molecular Mechanisms of Fracturing Fluids: A Comparison of Three Thickener Types-A Case Study.

Ke Xu, Jing Long, Xu Liang, Dingwei Weng, Pinhong Zhu, Yonghang Yi, Yingxing Chen, Cunchuan Zheng

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Gels (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ke XuChina Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute, Beijing 100083, China.
Jing LongCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
Xu LiangChina Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute, Beijing 100083, China.
Dingwei WengChina Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute, Beijing 100083, China.
Pinhong ZhuChina Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute, Beijing 100083, China.
Yonghang YiInstitute of Porous Flow and Fluid Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Langfang 065007, China.
Yingxing ChenCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
Cunchuan ZhengCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.ORCID 0000-0003-4921-5881

Funding

China National Petroleum Corporation Youth Science and Technology Special Project, "Research on Fracturing Technology Based on Thermosetting Polymer Materials 2024DQ03080National Natural Science Foundation of China 52120105007PetroChina Oil & Gas and New Energy Company Science and Technology Project, "Research and Low-Cost Optimization of Functional Fracturing Materials for Complex Operating Conditions 2023ZZ28YJ02
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To address the lack of systematic comparison regarding rheological properties and the unclear structure-property relationships among three core fracturing fluid materials including synthetic polymers, vegetable gums, and microbial polysaccharides, this study selected acrylamide-based polymers, hydroxypropyl guar gum and xanthan gum as the representative systems. The steady-state viscosity, rheological curves, thixotropy, viscoelasticity, and temperature-shear resistance of the three samples were systematically characterized at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 0.7 wt% using an MCR301 rotational rheometer. The outcomes indicate that the structural strength values of all three materials increase with rising concentration, but their rheological behaviors and stability differ significantly due to distinct molecular structures. The acrylamide-based copolymer forms a temporary network via weak hydrogen bonds (amide-carboxyl or amide-amide) and physical entanglements, exhibiting thixotropy and a stress pre-elastic response. The most significant effects occur at 0.7 wt%, with a thixotropic loop area of 2.874 Pa·s

Indexed as

fracturing fluidrheological behaviorrheological model fittingstructure-rheology relationship

Identifiers

PMID41745044
PMCPMC12941126

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.