Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41744684›Full record

ArticlemBio2026

Synergy between HA cleavage site sequence and NA-mediated plasminogen recruitment as a virulence mechanism for low-pathogenic avian influenza.

Hui Min Lee, Kate Sutton, William Harvey, Samantha Sives, Rute Maria Pinto, Eleanor Gaunt, Samantha Lycett, Sjaak de Wit, Lonneke Vervelde, Paul Digard

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in mBio, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Hui Min LeeThe Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-3191-4900
Kate SuttonThe Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom.
William HarveyThe Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom.
Samantha SivesThe Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom.
Rute Maria PintoThe Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom.
Eleanor GauntThe Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-4473-6373
Samantha LycettThe Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom.
Sjaak de WitRoyal GD, Deventer, the Netherlands.
Lonneke VerveldeThe Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom.
Paul DigardThe Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-0872-9440

Funding

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BBS/E/RL/230002CBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BBS/E/RL/230002DBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/V019899/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

An outbreak of H3N1 low-pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) in Belgium in 2019 caused unexpected levels of mortality and morbidity in poultry. These viruses possess an NA polymorphism associated with plasminogen (PLG) binding, as well as an atypical sequence around the HA cleavage site; accordingly, HA cleavage mediated by NA-driven PLG recruitment has been proposed to underlie their systemic spread and pathogenicity. To test this, we established a reverse genetics system for A/chicken/Belgium/460/2019 and created single mutations in HA (K345R) and NA (S122N) that restored the viruses to normal consensus, as well as an HA/NA double mutant. Confirming previous work, trypsin-independent spread and HA cleavage of wild-type Ck/Belgium were observed in the presence of fetal bovine serum containing PLG

Indexed as

Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza VirusInfluenza A virusInfluenza in BirdsNeuraminidasePlasminogenViral ProteinsAnimalsCell LineChickensReverse GeneticsVirulenceHemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza VirusNA protein, influenza A virusNeuraminidasePlasminogenViral Proteinshemagglutinininfluenzaneuraminidasepathogenicityplasminogen

Identifiers

PMID41744684
PMCPMC13059709

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.