Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41744555›Full record

ArticleBiomimetics (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Hybrid LQR-H

Saddam Hussain, Ali Hennache, Nouman Abbasi, Dajun Xu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Saddam HussainDepartment of Intelligent Systems and Control Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.ORCID 0009-0005-7169-3558
Ali HennacheEngineering Sciences Research Center (ESRC), Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0003-2113-9602
Nouman AbbasiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan.ORCID 0009-0008-1829-8702
Dajun XuSchool of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.ORCID 0009-0006-9042-879X

Funding

Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University IMSIU-DDRSP2503
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Unsteady atmospheric disturbances significantly compromise the stability of ornithopters, necessitating advanced turbulence-mitigation strategies. In contrast, natural flyers display remarkable aerodynamic adaptability through dynamic flow-control mechanisms such as covert feathers, enabling stability across unsteady flow regimes. Drawing inspiration from this biological phenomenon, this study presents the modeling and hybrid control of a kestrel-based ornithopter equipped with a Nature-Inspired Flow Control Device (NFCD) that replicates the adaptive feather deployment mechanism observed in kestrels. A reduced-order multibody bond-graph model (BGM) of the full ornithopter is developed, incorporating the main body, propulsion system, rigid wings, and the NFCD subsystem. The model captures key fluid-structure-interaction (FSI) effects between morphing feathers and surrounding airflow. A Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) ensures optimal performance under nominal gust conditions (≤3 m/s), while an H

Indexed as

biomimetic aerodynamicsbond graphflapping flightfluid structure interactiongust alleviationnature-inspired flow controlornithopter flight control

Identifiers

PMID41744555
PMCPMC12938830

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.