Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41744208›Full record

ArticleJournal of public health (Oxford, England)2026

Mapping morbidity data and identifying data gaps for EU countries in the Global Burden of Disease 2023 study.

Rok Hrzic, Grant M A Wyper, Enkeleint A Mechili, Brigid Unim, Alberto Freitas, Milena Santric Milicevic, Ismael Caballero, João Vasco Santos

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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of public health (Oxford, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Rok HrzicDepartment of International Health, Care and Public Health Research Institute-CAPHRI, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-3860-4777
Grant M A WyperClinical and Protecting Health Directorate, Public Health Scotland, 177 Bothwell Street, Glasgow, G2 7ER, UK.
Enkeleint A MechiliDepartment of Healthcare, Faculty of Health, University of Vlora, Bulevardi Ismail Qemali street, PO Box 9401, Vlore, Albania.
Brigid UnimDepartment of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-metabolic Diseases and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health (ISS), Via Giano della Bella 34, 00162 Rome, Italy.
Alberto FreitasRISE-Health, MEDCIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0003-2113-9653
Milena Santric MilicevicLaboratory for Strengthening the Capacity and Performance of the Health System and Workforce for Health Equity, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 15 Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Ismael CaballeroInformation Systems and Technologies Institute, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Moledores s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
João Vasco SantosRISE-Health, MEDCIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0003-4696-1002

Funding

Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, and the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia 451-03-137/2025-03/200110
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHealth data are essential to guide effective public policies, especially in contexts of increasing complexity and the need for rapid responses. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is central to burden of disease estimates, including in the European Union (EU). This study identified gaps in the data underlying morbidity estimates in the 2023 GBD study for 27 EU countries.

methodsThe GBD2023 Sources Tool was used to identify morbidity data sources, which were analysed by country, year, age, and disease. Data coverage was defined as the inclusion of at least one source for all combinations of age, country, year, and disease.

resultsHighest data coverage was observed in Sweden, Austria, and Germany, and lowest in Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria. There was high coverage for infectious diseases, but considerable gaps for leading morbidity causes, including musculoskeletal (15.9%) and mental disorders (32.9%) and unintentional injuries (28.1%). Data coverage was highest for the 2000s.

conclusionThe study highlighted variations in EU morbidity data coverage in the GBD2023, suggesting potential differences in estimate reliability. Differences may stem from national health information systems and data-sharing barriers. To enhance estimate accuracy and benchmarking among European health systems, improving data collection and utilization is crucial.

Indexed as

European UnionGlobal Burden of DiseaseHumansMorbidityburden of diseasesdata availabilityEuropean UnionGlobal Burden of Diseasesmorbidity

Identifiers

PMID41744208
PMCPMC13268799

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.