Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41744134›Full record

ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2026

Sex-Difference of Associations Between Cigarette Smoking and Myocardial Fibrosis: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Elie W Akl, Ralph Zeitoun, Omar Chehab, Haiou Li, Vinithra Varadarajan, Colin O Wu, Alain G Bertoni, Karol E Watson, David A Bluemke, Bharath Ambale-Venkatesh and 1 more

Abstract readMulticenter StudyComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Elie W Akl *Division of Cardiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6556-1878
Ralph Zeitoun *Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA.
Omar ChehabDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1698-0157
Haiou LiDepartment of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Biomathematics Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC USA.
Vinithra VaradarajanDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA.
Colin O WuOffice of Biostatistics Research, National Heart Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4514-0926
Alain G BertoniDepartment of Epidemiology and Prevention Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem NC USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7503-6273
Karol E WatsonDivision of Cardiology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3658-6165
David A BluemkeDepartment of Radiology University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8323-8086
Bharath Ambale-VenkateshDepartment of Radiology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2330-2373
João A C LimaDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8756-6995

Funding

Institute for Clinical and Translational ResearchUL1TR001079 · NCATS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI FORD, DANIEL ERNEST · 2013 to 2017
$60.1M
Wake Forest Clinical and Translational Science AwardUL1TR001420 · NCATS · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI ARD, JAMY D, FOLEY, KRISTIE L · 2015 to 2023
$32.3M
Clinical and Translational Science AwardUL1TR000040 · NCATS · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI GINSBERG, HENRY N · 2012 to 2015
$26.2M
SUBCLINICAL CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE COORDINATING CENTERN01HC95159 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI KRONMAL, RICHARD A · 2007 to 2014
$19.6M
Task Area A Core Study Operations.Task Area A shall encompass annual follow-up of cohort members, clinical endpoints ascertainment, study coordination activities, maintenance of the database and biosp75N92020D00001 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI MCCLELLAND, ROBYN LEAGH · 2020 to 2025
$17.2M
SUBCLINICAL CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE STUDY--FIELD CENTERN01HC95160 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI WATSON, KAROL · 2007 to 2015
$7.7M
SUBCLINICAL CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE STUDY-FIELD CENTERN01HC95164 · NHLBI · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI LIU, KIANG · 2007 to 2015
$7.0M
SUBCLINICAL CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE STUDY--FIELD CENTERN01HC95161 · NHLBI · COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK MORNINGSIDE · PI SHEA, STEVEN · 2007 to 2014
$6.4M
SUBCLINICAL CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE STUDY--FIELD CENTERN01HC95165 · NHLBI · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI BURKE, GREGORY L · 2007 to 2014
$6.3M
SUBCLINICAL CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE STUDY--FIELD CENTERN01HC95163 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI FOLSOM, AARON R · 2007 to 2014
$6.1M
TITLE: MULTI-ETHNIC STUDY OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS (MESA)N01HC95162 · NHLBI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI POST, WENDY · 2007 to 2015
$6.0M
Task Area A shall encompass annual follow-up of cohort members, clinical events investigations, study operations, and data analysis and manuscript writing. If implemented, Task A.1 will provide fundin75N92020D00005 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI WATSON, KAROL E · 2020 to 2025
$5.1M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000040NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001079NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001420NHLBI NIH HHS 75N92020D00001NHLBI NIH HHS 75N92020D00002NHLBI NIH HHS 75N92020D00003NHLBI NIH HHS 75N92020D00004NHLBI NIH HHS 75N92020D00005NHLBI NIH HHS 75N92020D00006NHLBI NIH HHS 75N92020D00007NHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201500003INHLBI NIH HHS N01HC95159NHLBI NIH HHS N01HC95160NHLBI NIH HHS N01HC95161NHLBI NIH HHS N01HC95162NHLBI NIH HHS N01HC95163NHLBI NIH HHS N01HC95164NHLBI NIH HHS N01HC95165NHLBI NIH HHS N01HC95166NHLBI NIH HHS N01HC95167NHLBI NIH HHS N01HC95168NHLBI NIH HHS N01HC95169
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundExtracellular volume (ECV) and native T1 time (nT1) are markers of interstitial-myocardial-fibrosis by cardiac magnetic resonance and are associated with cardiovascular events, heart failure, and death. However, the association between smoking and interstitial-myocardial-fibrosis at the population level has not been explored. This cross-sectional analysis of the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) cohort investigated the relationship between smoking and interstitial-myocardial-fibrosis by cardiac magnetic resonance, as well as the sex differences of this association.

methodsA total of 2118 participants (53% women) had data on smoking between 2000 and 2012 and ECV (%) and nT1 (ms) at exam 5 (2010-2012). We constructed participant-specific trajectories of average cigarettes per day (ACPD) based on linear interpolation to estimate ACPD between exams 1 through 5 (ACPD

resultsCurrent smoking status was associated with increased markers of interstitial-myocardial-fibrosis in women but not in men, ECV% (ꞵ=2%

conclusionsIn this population study, cigarette smoking was associated with a higher prevalence of interstitial-myocardial-fibrosis in women but not in men, indicating differences in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease by sex.

Indexed as

AtherosclerosisCardiomyopathiesCigarette SmokingMyocardiumAgedAged, 80 and overCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleFibrosisHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsSex FactorsUnited Statescardiac MRIcigarette smokinginterstitial myocardial fibrosissex differences

Identifiers

PMID41744134
PMCPMC13055818

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.