ArticleGlobal health & medicine2026
Regional and facility-type variations in infectious diseases in childcare and early childhood education facilities in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic: A nationwide cross-sectional questionnaire survey.
Article in Global health & medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Young children are susceptible to infectious diseases due to their developing immune systems and close contact in group care settings. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, infection prevention measures may have altered the epidemiology of common childhood infections, yet evidence on variations by facility type and region remains limited. In this study, the occurrence of COVID-19 and child-specific infectious diseases in childcare and early childhood education facilities in Japan was examined with particular focus on facility type and regional population density. A nationwide mail survey was conducted between January and April 2023 among 5,000 facility managers, and 710 valid responses were analysed. Over 90% of facilities reported at least one COVID-19 case within the previous year. The occurrence of child-specific infectious diseases, including adenovirus infection, hand, foot, and mouth disease, herpangina, streptococcal infection, norovirus infection, and respiratory syncytial virus infection, was lower in kindergartens serving children aged ≥ 3 years than in children in daycare centres or certified childcare centres (
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