ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2026
Increased risk of incident dementia associated with vitamin D deficiency in glaucoma patients: a TriNetX cohort study.
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy associated with increased neurodegenerative risk. Vitamin D Deficiency (VDD) is a widespread systemic factor linked to neurobiological dysfunction. This study investigated the longitudinal association between VDD and the 5-year incidence of neurodegenerative outcomes in this glaucoma population. Methods: This retrospective cohort study used a large electronic health records (EHRs) network. Glaucoma patients were classified as VDD (< 30 ng/mL) or vitamin D adequate (VDA) (≥30 ng/mL). A 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) procedure matched 10,881 patients per cohort based on 47 covariates. The primary endpoints were the 5-year incidence of unspecified dementia, Alzheimer disease (AD), and Parkinson disease (PD), analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: After PSM, VDD was associated with a higher 5-year risk of unspecified dementia (HR 1.241, 95% CI 1.066-1.446; Conclusion: VDD is significantly associated with an increased risk of developing dementia in patients with glaucoma. These time-dependent and dose-response findings raise the possibility that correcting vitamin D deficiency may influence neurodegenerative outcomes, additional prospective studies are required to establish causality and clarify clinical implications.
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