ArticleThe British journal of dermatology2026
Phenotypic, functional, prognostic and predictive significance of B-cell and antibody responses in human melanoma: a scoping review.
Article in The British journal of dermatology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Circulating B cell and T cell activation states predict clinical outcomes in melanoma and reveal dynamic immune reinvigoration with checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe clinical significance of B cells and the antibodies they express is increasingly appreciated in melanoma, a highly immunogenic tumour, for which immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is the standard care for advanced disease.
objectivesTo evaluate the phenotypes and roles of B cells and antibodies in patients with melanoma, and their prognostic and predictive value, in a scoping review following PRISMA-ScR reporting guidelines.
methodsUsing three search engines, we conducted literature searches for full-text studies written in English from 1 January 2000 to 9 October 2024. Three reviewers conducted title and abstract screening, followed by full-text paper assessment by two independent reviewers. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024592965).
resultsOf 4667 identified studies (PubMed, n = 827; Scopus, n = 2759; Ovid MEDLINE, n = 1081), 1659 were duplicates. The titles and abstracts of the remaining 3008 were screened to yield 251 full-text papers, resulting in the inclusion of 80 studies. Our search identified increased naïve, alternatively activated and regulatory B cells in blood, and a bias towards differentiated and class-switched B-cell infiltrates in tumours. Consistent associations were found between B-cell density in tumours, particularly the abundance of memory B cells and more favourable survival outcomes. Despite tumour and immune response heterogeneity, collectively, enriched B-cell signatures such as B-cell abundance, B-cell receptor diversity and immunoglobulin gene rearrangement in tumours correlated with better ICI response. Antibody dysregulation favouring the anti-inflammatory IgG4 isotype was associated with less-favourable outcomes, while class switching to immune-stimulating isotypes such as IgG1 correlated with better clinical outcomes and ICI response. Antibody reactivity and autoantibody analysis revealed distinct isotype signatures in patients, the presence of cancer antigen-reactive antibodies and an association between increased autoantibody production on treatment with ICIs and the development of toxicity (immune-related adverse events; irAEs).
conclusionsWe draw consensus for associations between class-switched B cells and immune-active antibody isotypes that indicate heightened classical immunity, with improved immunotherapy response. Alternatively activated, regulatory B cells and immune-inert antibody isotypes are associated with immunosuppression and less-favourable clinical outcomes. We reveal aspects of humoral immunity that offer opportunities to identify predictive biomarkers of immunotherapy response and irAEs.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.