ArticleJournal of veterinary internal medicine2026
Utility of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in identifying septic cavitary effusions in dogs.
Article in Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundNeutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is an accurate marker of septic cavitary effusions in people. HYPOTHESIS/
objectivesTo evaluate the utility of serum and effusion NGAL concentrations in differentiating septic effusions from effusions caused by other etiologies in dogs. ANIMALS: Fifty dogs with pleural or peritoneal effusion.
methodsTen dogs were prospectively enrolled into each of 5 groups based on effusion etiology: hypoalbuminemia, increased hydrostatic pressure, neoplastic, inflammatory, and septic. Concentrations of NGAL were measured in both serum and effusion.
resultsWhile median serum NGAL concentrations did not significantly differ between dogs with hypoalbuminemia (24.8 ng/mL, range 5.0-110.0 ng/mL), increased hydrostatic pressure (13.2 ng/mL, range 5.8-46.9 ng/mL), abdominal neoplasia (13.8 ng/mL, range 3.2-27.3 ng/mL), inflammatory (15.8 ng/mL, 5.6-36.6 ng/mL), or septic causes (19.2 ng/mL, range 7.2-64.8 ng/mL) of effusion (P = .272), median effusion NGAL concentrations were significantly higher in the septic group (194.4 ng/mL, range 120.0-1471.1ng/mL) than in the hypoalbuminemic (10.7 ng/mL, range 4.1-27.8 ng/mL, P < .001), hydrostatic (22.7 ng/mL, range 11.3-56.7 ng/mL, P < .001), neoplastic (65 ng/mL, range 15.7-215.3 ng/mL, P < .001), or inflammatory (45 ng/mL, range 33.8-195 ng/mL, P < .001) groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Concentrations of NGAL in effusions were significantly higher in septic effusions than in effusions of other etiologies. These findings suggest that effusion NGAL concentrations could be a helpful marker in the identification of cases with septic effusion.
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