ArticleJournal of applied toxicology : JAT2026
Enhanced Sensitivity and Human Relevance: a TNF-α-Induced HaCaT Keratinocyte Model for Screening Anti-Inflammatory Cosmetic Materials.
Article in Journal of applied toxicology : JAT, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
A TNF-α-induced inflammatory model using the human keratinocyte HaCaT cell line was developed and validated as an alternative in vitro method for evaluating the anti-inflammatory potential of cosmetic ingredients. In comparison with the conventional lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 murine macrophage model, the HaCaT-based system demonstrated enhanced sensitivity, detecting significant cytokine inhibition at concentrations up to 1000-fold lower for certain actives. The model reliably distinguished established anti-inflammatory agents (ectoine, troxerutin, and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate) from non-active controls (glycerin, butanediol, and propylene glycol) through the suppression of interleukin-6 (IL-6). Notably, the HaCaT model also identified a potential pro-inflammatory shift at high concentrations of some active ingredients-an effect not observed in the RAW264.7 system. Multi-laboratory verification using the novel cosmetic ingredient β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) confirmed both the anti-inflammatory activity of NMN and the high reproducibility of the assay. These results support the TNF-α-HaCaT model as a sensitive, human-relevant, and reproducible alternative for screening cosmetic ingredients, contributing to the growing toolbox of nonanimal methods for safety and efficacy assessment.
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