SynthesisBMC medical education2026
Computer-based surgical skill training: a systematic review.
Synthesis in BMC medical education, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundComputer-based learning (CBL) has emerged as a transformative approach in surgical education, with remote teaching (RT) and self-directed virtual teaching (SDVT) offering scalable and, flexible alternatives to traditional face-to-face instruction. This systematic review aims to qualitatively analyse the current evidence on RT and SDVT for surgical skill training.
methodsIn July 2023, we conducted a structured search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science. To enable a clear evaluation of CBL, particularly by examining retained knowledge, we included only randomized controlled trials (RCT) and prospective cohort studies. Data extraction followed a pretested Excel form, and qualitative synthesis adhered to PRISMA principles.
resultsTwenty seven studies (15 RCTs, 12 prospective cohorts) published between 2006 and 2023 met the inclusion criteria. Despite the heterogenicity of the included studies, key findings show that students completed RT achieved competency outcomes equivalent to traditional learning for basic suturing, knot-tying, and fundamental laparoscopic skills in most of the studies. SDVT matched traditional learning for basic tasks but underperformed in complex procedures. Hybrid models combining SDVT with real-time feedback enhanced learner autonomy, engagement and skill retention. Lastly, CBL modalities were well received by trainees, offering time- and cost advantages, as well as providing a teaching platform for low- and middle-income countries.
conclusionsCBL, through RT and SDVT, provides an effective adjunct to traditional surgical training, particularly for foundational technical skills. Integrating the flexibility of SDVT with synchronous feedback during RT can optimize psychomotor learning while maintaining instructional oversight. Future research should standardize outcome measures, assess long-term skill retention, and explore implementation in resource-limited settings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.