ArticleRespiratory research2026
Longitudinal change of lung microbiome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective cohort study.
Article in Respiratory research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe lung microbiome is increasingly implicated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis. However, its long-term dynamics and interactions with key clinical features-including inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) use, smoking, and lung function-remain poorly defined.
methodsWe conducted a prospective two-year study of 43 Korean male patients with COPD who provided sputum samples annually (n = 129). Bacterial communities were profiled using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Associations between microbial composition and clinical characteristics-including inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) use, smoking status, lung function (FEV₁), and recent exacerbations-were evaluated using negative binomial mixed models (NBMMs) with and without time interaction terms, adjusting for potential confounders.
resultsAt baseline, overall microbial diversity did not significantly differ between patients with COPD and ex-smoker controls without airflow limitation; however, several low-abundance genera showed differential abundance. Cross-sectional NBMMs revealed that ICS use, current smoking, and reduced FEV₁ % predicted were associated with distinct taxonomic profiles. ICS use was associated with reduced relative abundances of Veillonella, Catonella, and Saccharimonas. Persistent smoking was linked to increased abundances of Actinomyces and Bulleidia and decreased Lautropia. Patients with FEV₁ % predicted < 50% exhibited lower Alloprevotella levels. In longitudinal models, ICS use was associated with increasing temporal trends in Megasphaera and Alloprevotella. Persistent smokers showed attenuated changes in Butyrivibrio and Pseudomonas, while those with severe airflow limitation exhibited increased Bacteroides and decreased Atopobium, Gemella, Kingella, and Tannerella over time. Acute exacerbations were not significantly associated with microbial composition at baseline or during follow-up.
conclusionsClinical factors in COPD are associated with distinct temporal shifts in the airway microbiome of patients with COPD. Longitudinal profiling combined with NBMMs with time-interaction terms revealed subtle microbial shifts with potential clinical implications that were not evident in cross-sectional analyses. These findings underscore the potential utility of temporal microbiome signatures in stratifying COPD patients and guiding future therapeutic strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.