Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41742156›Full record

ReviewJournal of translational medicine2026

Innate immune functions of bitter taste receptors across physiological systems.

Xinyao Huang, Xiaoxuan Yu, Yingjin Li, Shuhan Chang, Rongle Wei, Dan Zhao, Zhe Zhao, Zhiguang Sun, Lei Huang, Minye Qu and 2 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of translational medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Xinyao Huang *The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
Xiaoxuan Yu *School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
Yingjin LiThe First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
Shuhan ChangThe First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
Rongle WeiThe First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
Dan ZhaoThe First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
Zhe ZhaoSchool of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
Zhiguang SunThe First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
Lei HuangDepartment of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA. lei.huang@umassmed.edu.
Minye QuSchool of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China. minye2008@126.com.
Ziyun LiSchool of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China. ziyunli@njucm.edu.cn.
Renjun GuSchool of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China. renjungu@njucm.edu.cn.

Funding

General Project of Basic Science in Colleges and Universities of Jiangsu Province 24KJB360004, 21KJB310013, 24KJB360004Jiangsu Commission of Health Z2021064Jiangsu Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Development Plan Young Talent Project QN202206Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Luo Linxiu Teacher Development Fund Project LLX202310National Natural Science Foundation of China 82204443, 82074312National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Science Foundation Project Fund supporting Projects of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine XPT 82204443Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province BK20240738, BK20210693Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine) Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine)The 75th Batch of the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2024M754279, 2024M751395
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) were initially regarded as sensors for potentially toxic substances, but accumulating evidence indicates that they also play an important role in the regulation of innate immunity. The aim of this study is to summarize the major immunological functions of bitter taste receptors and to clarify their relevance across different physiological systems. MAIN BODY: Current studies suggest that bitter taste receptors contribute to microbial sensing and immune defense in the respiratory tract, maintain microbial homeostasis and antimicrobial activity in the digestive system, and participate in inflammatory regulation and local immune balance in the musculoskeletal and reproductive systems. In addition, they are involved in immune-related processes in the nervous, circulatory, endocrine, and urinary systems.

conclusionsCollectively, these findings indicate that bitter taste receptors act as widely distributed immune-sensing molecules that link environmental stimuli to innate immune responses, providing a broader framework for understanding multisystem immune defense mechanisms.

Indexed as

Immunity, InnateReceptors, G-Protein-CoupledTasteAnimalsHumansReceptors, G-Protein-CoupledBitter taste receptorsImmune regulationInflammationInnate immunityTAS2Rs

Identifiers

PMID41742156
PMCPMC12983526

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.