ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2026
Development and Psychometric Properties of the 5-Item Diabetes Fatalism Scale Short Form (DFS-SF).
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02088658 (Technology Intensified Diabetes Education Study in African Americans With Type 2 Diabetes), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The trial behind it
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Technology Intensified Diabetes Education Study in African Americans With Type 2 Diabetes
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3 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveTo create a Diabetes Fatalism Scale Short Form (DFS-SF) that captures the full construct with fewer items and a single factor.
methodsData from 200 African American adults with type 2 diabetes collected as part of a randomized clinical trial were used. Five steps were followed: 1) correlations were run to identify items with the highest correlations with the overall DFS-12; 2) principal component analysis (unrotated) was used to identify the set of items that maximized variance on the single factor loading; 3) correlations were assessed between the DFS-12 and the new DFS-SF; 4) proportion of variance in the full scale explained by the short version was assessed; 5) discriminatory ability of the scale was evaluated by assessing the longitudinal relationship of DFS-SF with clinical outcomes, quality of life, self-care behaviors, and psychosocial variables.
resultsCronbach's alpha for the 5-item DFS-SF scale was 0.72. The DFS-SF maintained the original dimensions of the DFS-12, including emotional distress, hopelessness, and powerlessness. The DFS-SF was significantly associated with worse glycemic control (β = 0.02, p = 0.047), lower quality of life (PCS β = -0.13, p = 0.048), (MCS β = -0.27, p < 0.001), higher BMI (β = 0.05, p = 0.03), worse general diet (β = -0.02, p = 0.02), less exercise (β = -0.02, p = 0.04), and lower medication adherence (β = -0.03, p = 0.002), self-efficacy (β = -0.34, p < 0.001), social support (β = -0.37, p = 0.001) and depressive symptoms (β = 0.11, p = 0.002).
conclusionsThe DFS-SF is a single factor, 5-item scale that maps to the original dimensions of the DFS-12, accounts for 82% of the variance of the full scale, and is significantly correlated with clinical outcomes, quality of life, self-care behaviors, and psychosocial variables similar to the DFS-12. The DFS-SF provides a valid and reliable short form for use in clinical trials, and large-scale population-based studies where brevity is needed. CLINICAL
trial registrationThis study used data from a randomized clinical trial that was This study was registered with the National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials Registry on 13 March 2014 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier# NCT02088658).
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