Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41741543›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Adaptive human-robot collaboration in wind turbine manufacturing using digital twins.

Ali Ahmad Malik, Tariq Masood

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Ali Ahmad MalikIndustrial and Systems Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, 48309, USA. aliahmadmalik@oakland.edu.
Tariq MasoodDesign, Manufacturing, and Engineering Management, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The push for higher wind turbine-rated capacity has spurred the development of larger generators, extended blade lengths, and taller towers. Wind turbines with capacities of up to 16 megawatts are available in the market, reflecting an almost 60% surge in design capacity over the past five years. However, due to frequent design changes and the diverse range of tasks involved, conventional automation methods are less practical, leading to a labor-intensive process. Handling and assembling these large components pose challenges to human capabilities. To address these challenges, this study proposes integrating collaborative robots (cobots) to develop a hybrid approach to automating wind turbine manufacturing. Employing cobots can reduce manufacturing costs, increase production speed, and improve working conditions. The article details the development of a mobile robotic assistant designed to collaborate with human operators during wind turbine assembly, based on a case study from a leading global wind turbine manufacturer. Besides highlighting the areas attractive for collaborative automation, the article's key contributions are to introduce a framework based on digital twin technology for the design, commissioning, and operation of robots. It also presents a human-robot interface using smartwatches to enable fluid interaction between humans and robots on production floors. The developed system can be scaled to other large-size component manufacturing involving intensive manual effort.

Indexed as

Collaborative robotDigital twinsFlexible automationRobot assistantWind energy

Identifiers

PMID41741543
PMCPMC13046812

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.