Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41741508›Full record

ArticleScientific data2026

CystoDS: a multiclass endoscopy image dataset for artificial intelligence-assisted bladder cancer detection.

Timothy J Lee, Liang Qiu, Jin Long, Kathleen E Mach, Dylan Peterson, Qingsong Yao, Eugene Shkolyar, Md Tauhidul Islam, Lei Xing, Joseph C Liao

Abstract readDataset
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific data, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Timothy J LeeDepartment of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5494-9746
Liang QiuDepartment of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA.
Jin LongCenter for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine & Imaging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA.
Kathleen E MachDepartment of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA.
Dylan PetersonDepartment of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA.
Qingsong YaoDepartment of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA.
Eugene ShkolyarDepartment of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA.
Md Tauhidul IslamDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6259-632X
Lei XingCenter for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine & Imaging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA.
Joseph C LiaoDepartment of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA. jliao@stanford.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2448-5463

Funding

Intraoperative integration of artificial intelligence during cystoscopic surgeryR01CA260426 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI JOSEPH C LIAO, Lei Xing · 2022 to 2026
$2.3M
Leveraging deep learning for markerless motion management in radiation therapyR01CA256890 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI XING, LEI · 2021 to 2025
$2.1M
BLRD VA I01 BX005598NCI NIH HHS R01 CA256890NCI NIH HHS R01 CA260426U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Center for Scientific Review (NIH Center for Scientific Review) 1R01CA260426-01
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cystoscopy is a common endoscopic procedure used for the visual inspection of the lower urinary tract, particularly for the detection and surveillance of bladder cancer. Artificial intelligence (AI) strategies could help address the recognized shortcomings of cystoscopy by identifying malignant and non-malignant regions of interest (ROIs) and providing real-time clinical decision support for biopsy and surgical resection. However, curating a dataset for training AI models is challenging and time-time consuming. We present CystoDS, a high-quality bladder imaging dataset derived from standard white light cystoscopy that is ready for AI applications for detection of bladder cancer and cancer-mimicking benign lesions. This dataset includes 8,067 images from 160 patients labelled with five classes and 22 subclasses, along with segmentation data for 768 of the images. We detail the methods used for image acquisition, the structure of the dataset, and our technical validation process to demonstrate the AI-readiness of the data.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceCystoscopyUrinary Bladder NeoplasmsHumans

Identifiers

PMID41741508
PMCPMC13057115

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.