Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41741506›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Vertically transmitted bacterivorous nematodes are consistent nest inhabitants in the Azteca-Cecropia ant-plant mutualism.

Veronica Barrajon-Santos, Maximilian Nepel, Walter Sudhaus, Bela Hausmann, Dagmar Woebken, Veronika E Mayer

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Veronica Barrajon-SantosDepartment of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. veronica.barrajon@outlook.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6667-9675
Maximilian NepelDepartment of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7049-0613
Walter SudhausInstitute of Biology/Zoology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Bela HausmannJoint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0846-1202
Dagmar WoebkenDepartment of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1314-9926
Veronika E MayerDepartment of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. veronika.mayer@univie.ac.at.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6662-8237

Funding

Austrian Science Fund P-31990-BIO
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Nematodes play key roles in natural and agricultural ecosystems. They contribute to organic matter transformation and the stability of soil food webs. Beyond their free-living forms, many nematode lineages have evolved in close associations with insects, ranging from mutualistic and commensal to parasitic interactions. Recent studies have revealed that nematodes are common in tropical ant–plant mutualisms and are particularly relevant in ant-made organic matter piles, or “patches”, within ant nests. To investigate nematode community dynamics during ant colony growth and their consistency across closely related ant species, we analysed patches from 65 ant colonies of the Azteca-Cecropia ant-plant mutualism using 18S rRNA metabarcoding combined with morphology-based quantification methods. Bacterivorous nematodes from the order Rhabditida were present in all samples, regardless of the ant or plant species and the colony developmental stage. Members of Tylenchida and Dorylaimida were also detected, though sporadically. Our results support the previously proposed vertical transmission of bacterivorous nematodes from mother to daughter colonies as well as horizontal transmission among patches within the same ant colony. Moreover, nematode community composition remained stable throughout colony development but varied between ant species. These findings demonstrate that nematodes constitute a persistent and functionally important component of this ant–plant mutualism.

Indexed as

AntsCecropia PlantNematodaSymbiosisAnimalsMyrmecophytesPhylogenyRNA, Ribosomal, 18SRNA, Ribosomal, 18S18S rRNA gene-based metabarcodingAnt-plant mutualismsAzteca-CecropiaInsect-nematode associationsNematode community dynamicsTropical ecology

Identifiers

PMID41741506
PMCPMC13009263

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.