Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41740873›Full record

ArticleBrain, behavior, and immunity2026

Peripheral macrophages and T-cells accumulate in the degenerating optic tract after repetitive head impact.

Bevan S Main, Sonia Villapol, Ruchelle G Buenaventura, Alex C Harvey, Maia Parsadanian, Asamoah Bosomtwi, James D O'Leary, Dhwani C Gondalia, Abby I St Jean, Omar I Sbaih and 4 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Bevan S MainDepartment of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States.
Sonia VillapolCenter for Neuroregeneration and Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States.
Ruchelle G BuenaventuraDepartment of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States.
Alex C HarveyDepartment of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States.
Maia ParsadanianDepartment of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States.
Asamoah BosomtwiDepartment of Radiology and Bioengineering, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.
James D O'LearyDepartment of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States.
Dhwani C GondaliaDepartment of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States.
Abby I St JeanDepartment of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States.
Omar I SbaihDepartment of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States.
Bernard J DardzinskiDepartment of Radiology and Bioengineering, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States; Blue Collar Science LLC, Potomac, MD, United States.
Marcelo FeboUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
Alexandru KorotcovDepartment of Radiology and Bioengineering, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States.
Mark P BurnsDepartment of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States. Electronic address: mpb37@georgetown.edu.

Funding

Tau-independent effects of high frequency head impact on cognition and neurobehaviorR01NS107370 · NINDS · GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY · PI BURNS, MARK P · 2018 to 2022
$1.9M
Detecting the disruption and recovery of synaptic connectivity after TBIUG3NS106941 · NINDS · GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY · PI BURNS, MARK P · 2018 to 2019
$750k
Recovering amnestic memories from the repeat head impact brainR01NS121316 · NINDS · GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY · PI BURNS, MARK P · 2024 to 2025
$684k
NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS107370NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS121316NINDS NIH HHS UG3 NS106941
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chronic white matter inflammation is a feature of traumatic brain injury (TBI), consistently observed in rodent models of repetitive mild TBI and persistnat in human TBI patients for years post-injury. We use a high-frequency head impact model (HFHI, 5 impacts per day, over 6 consecutive days) to investigate neuroimmune responses in the optic tract, a white matter region particularly vulnerable to injury-induced degeneration in mouse repeat mild TBI models. We integrated immunohistochemistry, digital spatial proteomics, transcriptomic profiling, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) assessments with non-invasive imaging modalities, including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and functional MRI (fMRI) to capture a comprehensive view of pathology. HFHI resulted in a sustained inflammatory response within the optic tract, marked by elevated IBA1

Indexed as

Brain Injuries, TraumaticMacrophagesOptic TractT-LymphocytesAnimalsBlood-Brain BarrierDiffusion Tensor ImagingDisease Models, AnimalInflammationMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMicrogliaWhite Matter

Identifiers

PMID41740873
PMCPMC13377502

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.