Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41740294›Full record

ArticleBiomaterials2026

Multimodal characterization of sustained bioagent release from an epicardial depot for long-term biomaterial incorporation.

Claudia E Varela, David S Monahan, Yiling Fan, Shahrin Islam, Jane Tunde Kelleher, William Whyte, Jean Bonnemain, Souen Ngoy, Sudeshna Fisch, Eimear Wallace and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Biomaterials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Claudia E VarelaInstitute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
David S MonahanInstitute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; CÚRAM Research Ireland Centre for Medical Devices, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
Yiling FanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Shahrin IslamDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Jane Tunde KelleherInstitute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
William WhyteInstitute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Jean BonnemainInstitute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Adult Intensive Care Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Souen NgoyDepartment of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Sudeshna FischDepartment of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Eimear WallaceBiomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Science, University of Galway, Ireland.
William RonanBiomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Science, University of Galway, Ireland.
Rachel BeattyAnatomy Department, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Ireland; Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, Ireland.
Eimear B DolanCÚRAM Research Ireland Centre for Medical Devices, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Science, University of Galway, Ireland.
Christopher T NguyenCardiovascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA.
Garry P DuffyCÚRAM Research Ireland Centre for Medical Devices, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, Ireland. Electronic address: garry.duffy@universityofgalway.ie.
Ellen T RocheInstitute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; CÚRAM Research Ireland Centre for Medical Devices, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. Electronic address: etr@mit.edu.

Funding

Serial evaluation of cardioprotective effects of exercise training in heart failure using cardiac diffusion tensor MRIR01HL151704 · NHLBI · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI NGUYEN, CHRISTOPHER T · 2020 to 2024
$3.4M
Microstructural Response of the Myocardium to Mechanical LoadR01HL159010 · NHLBI · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI MEKKAOUI, CHOUKRI, NGUYEN, CHRISTOPHER T · 2021 to 2024
$3.2M
Modeling, measurement and prediction of cardiac magneto-stimulation thresholdsR01EB033853 · NIBIB · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI Bastien Guerin, Christopher T Nguyen · 2023 to 2026
$2.4M
Demonstrating the Feasibility of Democratized Push-Button Autonomous Cardiac MRI exam in Community Family Health Centers (AutoCMR for FHC)R01HL180504 · NHLBI · CLEVELAND CLINIC LERNER COM-CWRU · PI David Chen, Christopher T Nguyen · 2025 to 2026
$1.5M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL151704NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL159010NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL180504NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB033853
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Epicardial delivery of therapies has the potential to prevent adverse remodeling and promote in situ regeneration after myocardial infarction (MI) but further optimization of bioagent dosing and transport to heart muscle is required to maximize their therapeutic potential. Replenishable reservoir systems have enabled localized bioagent delivery to the epicardial surface but therapy transport from these systems is constrained by semipermeable membranes and fibrous capsule formation. Our approach to improved therapy delivery from epicardial reservoir systems is multi-pronged. First, we introduce a membrane-free reservoir system by incorporating a gelatin scaffold into a flexible polymer implant to promote direct integration with the epicardial surface and act as a replenishable depot to encourage myocardial-directed transport. Next, we perform in vitro and ex vivo validations and multi-scale computational simulations to characterize biomaterial, tissue, and organ-level transport of therapy, considering both native tissue architecture, and the effect of blood vessel clearance. As an in vivo use case of our system, we investigated the functional effect of multi-dose regimens of human follistatin-like 1 protein (FSTL1) in a rat model of myocardial infarction (MI). Groups receiving multiple doses of FSTL1 show increased cardiac performance (ejection fraction and fractional shortening), and decreased chamber stiffness 28 days after MI. Multi-dosing increases ventricular wall thickness and reduces infarct size. We demonstrate a dose-dependent increase in blood vessel number and density in the infarct zone. Finally, we establish a computational and experimental framework for patient-specific modeling to optimize implant parameters such as reservoir size and shape, infarct location, and dosing regimens, with a vision for clinical-imaging guided bioagent delivery strategies that can be modified on a per-patient, therapy-specific basis to optimize dosing regimens of various bioagents. This study highlights the potential for integrating personalized computational models with replenishable delivery systems to improve bioagent transport from biomaterials and enhance post-MI therapeutic outcomes.

Indexed as

Biocompatible MaterialsMyocardial InfarctionPericardiumAnimalsDelayed-Action PreparationsGelatinHumansMaleRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyTissue ScaffoldsBiocompatible MaterialsDelayed-Action PreparationsGelatinEpicardial drug deliveryMultidoseMyocardial infarctionRat modelTransport modeling

Identifiers

PMID41740294
PMCPMC13263067

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.