Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41739995›Full record

ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2026

A Rational Optimization Approach for the Development of a Multiplexed Lateral Flow Immunoassay: Detection of Nonepithelial Ovarian Cancer Markers in Human Serum.

Aida Abdelwahed, Carl E Eskildsen, Luca Panariello, André Shamsabadi, Christy J Sadler, Edmund H Wilkes, Federico Galvanin, Yuxi Cheng, Sara Carvalho, Srdjan Saso and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Aida AbdelwahedDepartment of Materials, Depart of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Carl E EskildsenDepartment of Materials, Depart of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Luca PanarielloDepartment of Materials, Depart of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
André ShamsabadiDepartment of Materials, Depart of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Christy J SadlerDepartment of Materials, Depart of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Edmund H WilkesDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, North West London Pathology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK.
Federico GalvaninDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.
Yuxi ChengDepartment of Materials, Depart of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Sara CarvalhoDepartment of Materials, Depart of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Srdjan SasoWest London Gynaecological Cancer Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK.
Molly M StevensDepartment of Materials, Depart of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7335-266X

Funding

Cancer Research UK C309/A31316Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council EP/K031953/1Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council EP/R00529X/1Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council EP/Y023498/1European Commission Horizon Europe Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions 101106805Fundação para Ciência e Tecnologia SFRH/BD/147881/2019Imperial College London President's ScholarshipRosetrees TrustRoyal Academy of Engineering CiET2021∖94
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

With the rise of non-communicable diseases, lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) are well-positioned to address the demand for disease monitoring. We present the use of peroxidase-mimicking platinum nanozyme conjugates targeting three ovarian germ cell tumor markers (alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), and cancer antigen 125 (CA125)) in LFIA. A "design of experiments" (DoE) approach was used to optimize antibody-nanozyme conjugation, superseding conventional "one-factor-at-a-time" optimization strategies, which neglect factor-to-factor interactions obscuring identification of optimal conditions. Crucial to disease monitoring, assays must demonstrate limits of detection (LoD) within clinically defined ranges and produce quantitative readouts. We address limitations of typical LoD calculations, which assume homoscedastic variance across marker concentrations, presenting an alternative model and applying it to assess LFIA performance, subsequently demonstrating clinically relevant LoDs in human serum. To robustly derive marker concentrations from LFIA readouts, the model was coupled with the resolution molecular concentration and, using patient samples, validated against laboratory gold standard values. AFP and HCG assays align well with gold standard measurements, with sensitivities of 87.5% and 100%, and specificities of 98.3% and 100%, respectively. This work outlines a development pipeline of a patient sample validated semiquantitative LFIA, utilizing DoE for streamlined optimization and improving modeling approaches to quantify performance in a manner representative of assay function.

Indexed as

Biomarkers, TumorOvarian Neoplasmsalpha-FetoproteinsCA-125 AntigenChorionic GonadotropinFemaleHumansImmunoassayLimit of Detectionalpha-FetoproteinsBiomarkers, TumorCA-125 AntigenChorionic Gonadotropindesign of experimentslateral flow immunoassayslimits of detectionnanozymes

Identifiers

PMID41739995
PMCPMC13587956

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.