Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41739080›Full record

ArticleAIDS (London, England)2026

HIV-1 subtype diversity trends in a Northern California cohort.

Kaiming Tao, Philip L Tzou, Malaya K Sahoo, Charles B Hare, Benjamin A Pinsky, Robert W Shafer

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in AIDS (London, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Kaiming TaoDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford.
Philip L TzouDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford.
Malaya K SahooDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Charles B HareDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, San Francisco.
Benjamin A PinskyDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford.
Robert W ShaferDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford.

Funding

HIV Drug Resistance DatabaseR24AI136618 · NIAID · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI ROBERT William SHAFER · 2018 to 2026
$7.3M
NIAID NIH HHS R24 AI136618
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Between 2000 and 2019, the Stanford Healthcare Clinical Virology Laboratory performed HIV-1 resistance testing for 9199 individuals in Northern California. Nonsubtype B viruses were identified in 3.5%, most often CRF01_AE (1.0%), subtype C (1.0%), CRF02_AG (0.46%), and subtype A (0.45%). Non-B viruses, particularly CRF01_AE and CRF02_AG, increased significantly over time. Although subtype B remained dominant, the rising presence of non-B subtypes reflects growing viral diversity within the U.S. epidemic.

Indexed as

Genetic VariationGenotypeHIV-1HIV InfectionsAdultCaliforniaCohort StudiesDrug Resistance, ViralFemaleHumansMale

Identifiers

PMID41739080
PMCPMC12955974

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.