ReviewChembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology2026
Biochemical Engineering Perspective on cGAS: From Enzyme Discovery to Potential Industrial Application.
Review in Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Since its discovery as a pivotal enzyme in innate immunity, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) has been extensively studied for its immunological significance and catalytic mechanism. However, its potential as a biocatalyst for the efficient synthesis of the second messenger 2'3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (2'3'-cGAMP) remains underexplored. This review provides a comprehensive biotechnological perspective on cGAS, highlighting its enzymatic and structural features, substrate promiscuity, homologs, and engineered variants. We examined the expression systems reported in previous studies and assessed their suitability for scalable cGAS production. Furthermore, we explored reaction engineering strategies for 2'3'-cGAMP synthesis by comparing published production and purification methods. This review aims to bridge the gap between fundamental enzymology and applied bioprocessing by positioning cGAS as a promising biocatalyst for the pharmaceutical industry, with potential applications in immunotherapy, vaccine adjuvants, and beyond.
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