Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41737999›Full record

ArticleCurrent cardiovascular risk reports2025

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Stroke Incidence and Outcomes.

Hugo J Aparicio, Mellanie V Springer

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Current cardiovascular risk reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Housing and Stroke Outcomes: Why Aging in Place Needs to Be Equitable.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Hugo J AparicioDepartment of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
Mellanie V SpringerDepartment of Neurology and Stroke Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Funding

PRECURSORS OF STROKE INCIDENCE AND PROGNOSISR01NS017950 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI Hugo Javier Aparicio, Jose Rafael Romero · 1985 to 2026
$22.9M
Partnering with an Urban Safety Net Hospital to Deliver Stroke Preparedness in the Emergency DepartmentK01NS117555 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI SPRINGER, MELLANIE V · 2020 to 2024
$1.2M
NINDS NIH HHS K01 NS117555NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS017950
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose of Review: Rates of stroke in the United States either continue to decline or appear to have plateaued over time. However, due to changing demographics, namely the aging population and growing diversification by race and ethnicity, healthcare disparities persist and may widen with regards to stroke prevalence among diverse racial and ethnic communities. This review focuses on updated data and trends regarding racial/ethnic disparities in stroke and stroke outcomes. Recent Findings: Black Americans continue to have higher risk for incident stroke, with poorer functional and cognitive outcomes and more difficulty with self-care, mobility, and return to household activities. Disparities in stroke risk for Hispanic Americans are present but vary by region in the United States and Hispanic country of origin/subpopulation. For example, stroke disparities for Mexican Americans in South Texas may be narrowing over time but the population continues to have worse functional and cognitive outcomes, compared to non-Hispanic White stroke survivors. Differences in stroke mortality are present, but may be modified by stroke type (ischemic, hemorrhagic) and according to long-term follow up of mortality outcomes, especially among Black Americans with worse survival rates after stroke. Racial/ethnic stroke and stroke outcome disparities are modified by sex and social determinants of health, specifically factors related to socioeconomic status, education, and healthcare access and quality. Summary: Disparities by race and ethnicity are identified for stroke incidence, mortality, functional outcomes, and cognitive outcomes. Research must expand to broaden understanding of the role of social determinants of health in driving or exacerbating racial and ethnic stroke disparities.

Indexed as

CognitionHealth disparitiesStrokeStroke mortalityStroke outcomes

Identifiers

PMID41737999
PMCPMC12928758

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.