Non-pharmaceutical interventions restructured the upper respiratory bacterial microbiota in children under 2 during COVID-19: implications for infection control strategies.

Yufeng Wang, Wenxin Shen, Lina Xu, Jiaoyang Li, Xuena Xu, Suqing Chen, Chuangli Hao, Wujun Jiang

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Yufeng Wang *Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.

Wenxin Shen *Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.

Lina Xu *Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.

Jiaoyang LiDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.

Xuena XuDepartment of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, China.

Suqing ChenDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.

Chuangli HaoDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.

Wujun JiangDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic substantially altered pediatric respiratory infection patterns. This study assessed the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on upper respiratory bacterial epidemiology and microbiota composition in children under 2 years hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). Clinical data from 24,159 children admitted between January 2019 and December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Following NPI implementation, the overall culture-based bacterial detection rate declined from 61.02% to 18.38%. In an RSV-positive subgroup (pre-COVID-19,

Indexed as

16S-rDNA analysischildrenCOVID-19lower respiratory tract infectionsupper respiratory tract microbiota

Identifiers

PMID41737879

DOI10.3389/fmicb.2026.1737843

PMCPMC12926401

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.