From Women's Rights Denial to Increased Integration: The Evolution of Women in Medicine in Lebanon.

Background: Over the past decades, women have entered the medical profession in Lebanon in increasing numbers. However, their advancement into leadership roles and high-impact specialties remains limited. Objective: This study explores the historical evolution, current status, and systemic challenges faced by women in medicine in Lebanon. Methods: A descriptive, narrative-based analysis was conducted using data from institutional reports, professional associations, and existing literature. Trends in enrollment and registration were examined, and findings were contextualized through comparison with selected European experiences reported in the literature. Results: Women now represent nearly half of medical students and registered physicians in Lebanon; however, they remain underrepresented in surgical specialties and decision-making roles. Key challenges identified include limited institutional policies, persistent gender bias, and insufficient structures supporting work-life integration. Conclusion: While numerical gains are encouraging, structural inequities persist across career pathways. Contextual insights from European countries highlight potential strategies for institutional reform, including mentorship programs, flexible training pathways, and national gender equity policies.