Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41737868›Full record

ArticleInfection and drug resistance2026

Profile of Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of

Hyacinthe Mukashema, Callixte Yadufashije, Aphrodice Tuyishimire, Yoranda Imurinde, Bruno Rugira Niyonkuru, Liliane Muhimpundu, Alex Nshimiyimana, Celestin Musabyumuremyi, Epaphrodite Muhizi, Philbert Muhire and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Infection and drug resistance, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Hyacinthe MukashemaDepartment of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, INES-Ruhengeri, Musanze, Rwanda.ORCID 0009-0002-1150-176X
Callixte YadufashijeDepartment of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, INES-Ruhengeri, Musanze, Rwanda.ORCID 0000-0002-3463-3725
Aphrodice TuyishimireDepartment of Public Health, ICAP at Columbia University, Kigali, Rwanda.
Yoranda ImurindeDepartment of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, INES-Ruhengeri, Musanze, Rwanda.
Bruno Rugira NiyonkuruDepartment of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, INES-Ruhengeri, Musanze, Rwanda.ORCID 0009-0009-2382-046X
Liliane MuhimpunduDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya.
Alex NshimiyimanaDepartment of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, INES-Ruhengeri, Musanze, Rwanda.
Celestin MusabyumuremyiDepartment of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, INES-Ruhengeri, Musanze, Rwanda.
Epaphrodite MuhiziDepartment of Internal Medicine, Ruhengeri Level Two Teaching Hospital, Musanze, Rwanda.ORCID 0009-0007-0288-5999
Philbert MuhireDepartment of Internal Medicine, Ruhengeri Level Two Teaching Hospital, Musanze, Rwanda.
Thierry HabyarimanaDepartment of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, INES-Ruhengeri, Musanze, Rwanda.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a public health concern worldwide, with Methods: A cross-sectional laboratory-based study was conducted between April and June 2025 on 151 adults with suspected UTIs. A questionnaire was used to record sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors contributing to UTIs among the participants. Midstream urine samples were collected, cultured, and biochemically analyzed to identify Results: Of 151 adults, 64.2% were female and 35.8% male, and the majority of participants were in the age group of 29-39 years (34.4%). Conclusion: This study highlights the critical role of

Indexed as

antimicrobial resistancebiofilm-producing strainsE. coliRwandaUTIs

Identifiers

PMID41737868
PMCPMC12927802

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.