Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41737678›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in veterinary science2026

Review: spinal shock, crossed extensor reflex, and mass reflex in dogs and cats-a literature review, clinical observations and considerations.

Koen M Santifort, Dakir Polidoro, Michelle Hermans, Agnieszka Olszewska, Adriana Kaczmarska, Federica Poli, Jos Bongers

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Koen M SantifortIVC Evidensia Small Animal Referral Hospital Arnhem, Neurology, Arnhem, Netherlands.
Dakir PolidoroAniCura Veterinary Practice Plantijn, Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium.
Michelle HermansNesto Veterinary Referral Center Orion, Neurology, Herentals, Belgium.
Agnieszka OlszewskaFachtierarztzentrum Cologne Merheim, Cologne, Germany.
Adriana KaczmarskaSchool of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow Small Animal Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Federica PoliValdinievole Veterinary Clinic, Pistoia, Italy.
Jos BongersValdinievole Veterinary Clinic, Pistoia, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The phenomena of spinal shock, crossed extensor reflex, and mass reflex are discussed to different extents in veterinary neurology textbooks, in literature on experimental animal models, and clinical reports on veterinary neurological patients. Aspects related to timing of onset of spinal pathology, their implications for neuroanatomical localizations, and their prognostic significance are clinically relevant. In this review article, the authors discuss and summarize the current literature and highlight collective observations in clinical veterinary neurology patients. Underreported observations emphasized in this article include the possibility of (1) asymmetrical/lateralized/unilateral spinal shock, (2) crossed extensor and mass reflexes in patients with (per-) acute myelopathies, (3) asymmetrical/lateralized/unilateral crossed extensor reflex, (4) mass reflexes observed in patients with (per-)acute myelopathies and concurrently with signs of spinal shock, and (5) a pelvic limb crossed extensor reflex in patients with pathology other than cranial to the lumbar intumescence.

Indexed as

cutaneous trunci reflexhyperreflexiamyelopathypatellar reflexspasticitywithdrawal reflex

Identifiers

PMID41737678
PMCPMC12926129

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.