ArticleFrontiers in sports and active living2026
Maturity-related acute effects of resistance exercise on muscle architecture and tissue organization of the resting and maximally isometrically contracted gastrocnemius medialis in girls.
Article in Frontiers in sports and active living, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to examine maturity-related differences in the acute response of resistance exercise on the muscle architecture and tissue organization of the gastrocnemius medialis (GM). Method: Thirty-three healthy, physically active girls (11 pre-pubertal, 10 pubertal, 12 post-pubertal) conducted isometric maximum voluntary contractions (iMVC) before (pre), immediately after (post), and 15 min after (post_15) a resistance exercise (i.e., single leg isokinetic calf raises). Ultrasound scans were captured at pre, post, and post_15 during iMVCs as well as during rest. Muscle architecture measurements included muscle thickness (MT), superior and inferior pennation angles (PA), and fascicle length (FL). Spatial frequency analysis (SFA: peak spatial frequency radius [PSFR], peak -6 dB width [P6], quality factor [Q6], normalized peak value of amplitude spectrum [Amax], power within peak [PWP], peak power percent [PPP]) assessed muscle tissue organization. Results: Main effect of time reveals a significant acute increase in MT, Amax, PWP, and PPP from pre- to post-exercise, alongside a decrease in PSFR. However, analysis indicates no significant interaction between time and maturity group ( Conclusions: The acute response suggests muscle swelling with increased fiber spacing and additional scattering material within the muscle, with no variation among girls of different maturity levels. Differences in muscle architecture and tissue organization between maturity groups highlight the role of biological maturation in muscular system.
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