Proteomic alterations in outer membrane vesicles of carbapenem-resistant

Objectives: Carbapenem-resistant Methods: Three CRKP and three carbapenem-sensitive Results: A total of 1,193 OMV proteins were identified, with CRKP-OMVs containing substantially more unique proteins (140 vs. 5 in CSKP-OMVs) and significantly increased overall protein abundance. Among the 199 differential proteins, 180 were upregulated in CRKP-OMVs. Most differential proteins were localized to the membrane or cytoplasm, and were enriched in enzymatic functions and pathways including β-alanine metabolism, O-antigen nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, and β-lactam resistance. Key proteins such as adhE, NDK, treA, and ackA were markedly elevated, while galE and Ter family proteins were uniquely present in CRKP-OMVs, indicating potential roles in resistance and pathogenicity. Conclusions: CRKP-derived OMVs from sepsis patients exhibit distinct protein enrichment patterns associated with membrane functions, metabolic remodeling, and antibiotic resistance. These findings provide insights into CRKP pathogenesis and highlight candidate OMV-associated proteins that may serve as targets for antimicrobial strategies or vaccine development.