ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026
Toward a clearer vision: epidemiology and symptom-based clinical patterns of dry eye disease in the Saudi population.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
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11 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Dry Eye Disease (DED) is a multifactorial ocular surface disorder characterized by tear film instability and inflammation, leading to ocular discomfort, irritation, and visual disturbance. In Saudi Arabia, environmental conditions, ergonomic, and behavioral factors such as digital device use and contact lens wear may exacerbate DED symptoms. However, large-scale population-based studies examining the epidemiological and clinical determinants of DED remain limited. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using a validated online questionnaire distributed across Saudi Arabia. The survey comprised four domains: sociodemographic characteristics, awareness and knowledge of eye health, behavioral and environmental risk factors, and clinical symptoms related to DED and contact lens use. Data from 1,009 participants were analyzed using SPSS version 29. Potential associations between DED domains and demographic or behavioral variables were examined using chi-square and t-tests, with significance set at Results: Among the 1,009 respondents, females represented 56.7%, and the majority were aged 35-44 years (29.3%). The mean domain scores indicated that "Irritation/Dryness" was the most affected domain (47.5 ± 22.8). The Conclusion: Dry Eye Disease is a prevalent and multifactorial health concern among the Saudi population, strongly influenced by demographic, behavioral, ergonomic, and environmental determinants. Women and younger adults with high exposure to digital devices are particularly vulnerable. Implementing public health interventions, including awareness programs, workplace ergonomics, and AI-based digital screening, may be crucial to reducing the disease burden and advancing Vision 2030 goals for preventive eye health.
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