ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Long-term left ventricular assist device support reinforces detrimental immunological effects.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
Introduction: Infection is a common complication following left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation that increases the mortality in the post-implantation period. Immunological changes affecting dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells and T-cells have been observed in the first year after implantation, but long-term data are missing. We investigated if long-term LVAD support has stronger effects on the immune system than short-term LVAD support. Methods: Blood samples were obtained from patients with 12-18 months of LVAD support (short-term LVAD; n=53) and from patients with ≥36 months of LVAD support (long-term LVAD; n=57). Flow cytometric analyses for CD4 Results: Both groups were comparable with regard to sex, age at LVAD implantation, preoperative BMI, etiology of heart failure, NYHA class, left ventricular ejection fraction, INTERMACS, and implant strategy. Platelet counts were lower in the long-term LVAD group (p=0.05). Flow cytometric analyses for CD4 Conclusion: This cross-sectional observational study revealed that long-term (≥36 months) LVAD support may contribute to detrimental effects on the immune system in comparison to short-term LVAD support. The long-lasting LVAD support may influence DCs, NK cells and B-cells that show a progression of cellular changes.
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