ArticleCureus2026
Peri-implant Soft Tissue Phenotype Modification Using Free Gingival Graft and Apically Positioned Flap: A Case Series.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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3 authors.
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Abstract
Background The lack of peri-implant keratinized mucosa (<2 mm) is associated with plaque accumulation and pain during brushing, and consequently peri-implant disease. This case series aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a free gingival graft in combination with an apically positioned flap to modify the peri-implant phenotype. The primary outcome was the change in keratinized mucosa width (KMW), and the secondary outcomes were pocket probing depth, plaque index, gingival index, pain upon brushing, and aesthetic appearance of the graft. Methodology A total of nine patients were treated with 16 implants placed in areas with a lack of KMW (<2 mm). After osseointegration and before the delivery of the final prosthesis, a free gingival graft in combination with an apically positioned flap was performed. All patients were followed up at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Results The mean gain in KMW at 12 months was 2.51 mm. The change in KMW was statistically significant (p = 0.001). Plaque index and gingival index were reduced. Patients were satisfied with the aesthetic appearance and experienced less pain upon brushing. Conclusions Within the limitations of this case series, the use of a free gingival graft in combination with an apically positioned flap can modify the peri-implant phenotype by increasing the KMW and improving peri-implant health parameters.
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