ArticleERJ open research2026
Dendritic cells in the lung cavities of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis patients exhibit altered frequency and phenotype.
Article in ERJ open research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Studies examining dendritic cell (DC) immunobiology in tuberculosis (TB) patients have been conflicting, and no studies have examined DCs in the peripheral blood or lungs of patients with pre- or extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB). Methods: To provide insight into DC immunobiology, we first compared the DC subsets in the peripheral blood of XDR-TB patients with that from participants with latent TB infection (LTBI). Second, we compared DC subsets from cavity biopsies from explanted lung sections with normal-appearing lung tissue from pre-XDR/XDR-TB patients undergoing resection surgery. DCs were assessed for phenotypic and functional markers using flow cytometry. Results: In the peripheral blood of XDR-TB patients, plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) expressed lower levels of cluster of differentiation 83 (CD83; p=0.01), toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2; p<0.0001) and macrophage mannose receptor (MMR; p<0.0001), with higher levels of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-L1; p=0.007) than pDCs from LTBI participants (p=0.01). MMR expression from the conventional DC1 (cDC1) subset in XDR-TB patients was found to be higher (p=0.02) than that from the cDC1 subset in LTBI participants. In the lung compartment (cavity and normal-appearing lung), the dominant DC subset was the pDCs (p=0.02), despite the conventional DC subsets (cDCs) expressing higher levels of C-C chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) (p=0.02 for both comparisons), CD83 (p≤0.03 for both comparisons), TLR-2 (p=0.02 for both comparison), MMR (p=0.02 for both comparisons) and DC-SIGN (p≤0.05 for both comparisons). Conclusions: The low frequency of cDCs in the lung cavity of XDR-TB patients in conjunction with the limited migratory and co-stimulatory expression of pDCs suggests that there is DC dysregulation in the lung mucosal milieu, possibly due to persistent disease.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.