Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41736431›Full record

ArticleJournal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan2026

Mechanisms of Gualou Beimu Yin in suppressing the development and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer: an integrated study based on network pharmacology, transcriptomics, and metabolomics.

Jia Ao, Liu Shuang, Gao Tingting, Zhang Haoran, Gao Wenyuan, W U Xiongzhi

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Article in Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Jia AoTianjin NanKai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Integrative Medicine for Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin 300000, China.
Liu ShuangTianjin NanKai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Integrative Medicine for Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin 300000, China.
Gao TingtingTianjin NanKai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Integrative Medicine for Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin 300000, China.
Zhang HaoranTianjin NanKai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Integrative Medicine for Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin 300000, China.
Gao WenyuanSchool of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300000, China.
W U XiongzhiTianjin NanKai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300000, China.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China: Study on Mechanism of Transdifferentiation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Induced by Huoxue Ruanjian Traditional Chinese Medicine 82174103
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo identify the antitumor effects of Gualou Beimu Yin (, GLBMY) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and to explore the underlying mechanisms.

methodsA mouse model of breast cancer was established and treated with GLBMY. Freeze-dried GLBMY powder was used to treat MDA-MB-231 and BT549 cells to assess the therapeutic efficacy of GLBMY against TNBC. Network pharmacology, transcriptomics and metabolomics were employed to identify the potential mechanism of GLBMY in TNBC treatment. Finally, the main regulating genes and proteins in the enriched pathways were validated by Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blotting analysis to confirm its mechanism.

resultsGLBMY can inhibit the growth of TNBC through apoptosis and necroptosis pathways and inhibit TNBC lung metastasis by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Network pharmacology has elucidated the most important active ingredients (tubeimoside I, emodin, cucurbitacin, and ursolic acid) and the most critical targets [interleukin-6 (IL6), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3)] of GLBMY in treating TNBC. RNA-seq revealed that GLBMY affected the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, rat sarcoma virus, and MAPK signalling pathways. Metabolomics revealed that the metabolites mainly affected by GLBMY were L-(+)-lactic acid, isocitric acid, benzoic acid and indoxyl sulfate. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that GLBMY can inhibit EMT in TNBC through the MAPK/ERK pathway and inhibit the proliferation and progression of TNBC through the IL6-STAT signalling pathway.

conclusionsWe confirmed that GLBMY inhibits the development and metastasis of TNBC through the MAPK/Erk and IL6-STAT signalling pathways. GLBMY shows promise as a long-term supplementary or alternative therapy for TNBC, offering new insights for TNBC treatment.

Indexed as

Drugs, Chinese HerbalTriple Negative Breast NeoplasmsAnimalsApoptosisCell Line, TumorEpithelial-Mesenchymal TransitionFemaleHumansMDA-MB-231 CellsMetabolomicsMiceNeoplasm MetastasisNetwork PharmacologySignal TransductionSTAT3 Transcription FactorTranscriptomeDrugs, Chinese HerbalSTAT3 Transcription Factorepithelial-mesenchymal transitionGualou Beimu Yinmetabolomicsnetwork pharmacologytriple negative breast neoplasms

Identifiers

PMID41736431
PMCPMC12884483

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.