Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41736168›Full record

ArticleSystematic reviews2026

A protocol for a systematic review of the psychosocial effects of experiencing compassion from others and its interpretation through secular and religious frameworks.

Carlo Lazzari, Paul Crawford, Alison Ashmore, Yasuhiro Kotera

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Systematic reviews, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Carlo LazzariSchool of Health Sciences, Medical School: Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, B236, Nottingham, NG7 2HA, UK. carlolazzari2015@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0002-9253-4610
Paul CrawfordSchool of Health Sciences, Medical School: Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, B236, Nottingham, NG7 2HA, UK.
Alison AshmoreLibraries Research Support, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Yasuhiro KoteraSchool of Health Sciences, Medical School: Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, B236, Nottingham, NG7 2HA, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCompassion is widely studied as a prosocial motivator with recognized mental health benefits, yet the psychosocial effects of receiving compassion remain underexplored. Interpretive frameworks-whether religious or secular-may influence how individuals perceive and emotionally respond to compassionate acts.

objectivesTo systematically review (1) the psychosocial effects of receiving compassion from others, and (2) how recipients interpret these experiences through secular or religious frameworks.

methodsThis protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines and is registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). Eligible studies will be empirical, involving adult participants in any setting, and using qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-method designs. Studies will be excluded if they focus solely on self-compassion, compassion fatigue, or lack psychological outcome data related to receiving compassion. Information sources include PubMed, Psychological Information Database (PsycINFO), Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Exposures (ROBINS-E) tool for nonrandomized studies, the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist for quasi-experimental and qualitative designs, and the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) for mixed-methods designs. Data synthesis will follow a convergent integrated approach combining thematic and narrative techniques. Where feasible, pooled effect sizes and forest plots will be presented. DISCUSSION: This review will explore how receiving compassion-interpreted through secular or religious lenses-affects psychological well-being and social interactions, including potential reductions in distress, increases in resilience, and prosocial behaviors. It aims to develop culturally sensitive and spiritually aware models of compassionate interaction, with relevance for clinical practice, public health ethics, and interdisciplinary education. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO 2025 CRD420251107986. Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251107986 .

Indexed as

EmpathyReligionHumansResearch DesignSystematic Reviews as TopicCompassionCompassion from othersMental healthProsocial behaviorsProtocolReligionSecularismSystematic review

Identifiers

PMID41736168
PMCPMC13067450

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.