ArticleBMC psychiatry2026
The association of depressive symptoms and dietary inflammatory index with frailty in older adults with diabetes.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOlder adults with diabetes exhibit heightened risks of depression and frailty, with chronic inflammation proposed as a potential mechanism. This study investigates the combined association of depressive symptoms and pro-inflammatory diets with frailty.
methodsThis study utilized data from older adults with diabetes collected during the 2007–2018 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Dietary inflammatory potential was evaluated using the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII). Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Participants were classified into six mutually exclusive groups: No depressive symptoms & Low-DII, No depressive symptoms & High-DII, Mild depressive symptoms & Low-DII, Mild depressive symptoms & High-DII, Moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms & Low-DII, and Moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms & High-DII. Frailty was defined by a modified 35-item Frailty Index. Weighted multivariable logistic regression evaluated individual/joint associations of DII and depressive symptoms with frailty. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses assessed robustness.
resultsA total of 2667 older adults with diabetes (weighted mean age 69.7 years, 53% male) were recruited. Elevated depressive symptoms score and higher DII independently increased frailty risk (adjusted OR per unit increase: depression OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.12–1.21; DII OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.02–1.23). Compared with reference group (No depressive symptoms & Low-DII), participants with Moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms & high DII exhibited the highest frailty risk (adjusted OR = 13.82, 95% CI = 7.67–24.92). The combined depressive symptoms-DII association with frailty was stronger in subgroups of males, older adults < 70, and non-Hispanic Whites.
conclusionAnti-inflammatory nutritional patterns and psychological well-being may jointly associate with lower frailty risk, supporting multidimensional care models to alleviate health burdens. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.