ArticleBMC microbiology2026
Molecular and phenotypic characterization of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii from bovine mastitis milk with development of a novel optimized spectrophotometric UniCarb assay.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundCarbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria are increasingly reported in veterinary medicine, posing a serious threat to both animal and public health. This study investigated phenotypic and molecular mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from bovine mastitis milk.
methodsAntimicrobial susceptibility testing, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) profiling, and multiplex PCR were performed to characterize resistance. Phenotypic assays, including the Modified Hodge Test (MHT), modified and optimized carbapenem inactivation methods (mCIM/oCIM), Carba NP, and CarbAcineto NP, were evaluated. In addition, a novel PCR-validated, cross-species spectrophotometric assay (UniCarb) was developed and benchmarked.
resultsA total of 34 isolates (K. pneumoniae, n = 21; A. baumannii, n = 13) were recovered from 335 milk samples collected in Aydın Province and surrounding regions of Türkiye. All K. pneumoniae isolates exhibited multidrug resistance, with 62% classified as pandrug-resistant (PDR). A. baumannii isolates showed a uniform PDR profile. Molecular analysis revealed high prevalences of bla
conclusionThe UniCarb assay outperformed conventional phenotypic methods, providing rapid, accurate, and species-independent carbapenemase detection. Its PCR-confirmed results and robust cross-species applicability support its use as a practical diagnostic tool in both veterinary and clinical microbiology within a One Health surveillance framework.
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